| 1904 - Ivan Pavlov (medicine) |
| 1908 - Ilya Mechnikov (medicine) |
| 1933 - Ivan Bunin (literature) |
| 1958 - Pavel Cherenkov, Ilya Frank, Igor Tamm (physics) |
| 1958 - Boris Pasternak (literature) |
| 1962 - Leo Landau (physics) |
| 1964 - Alexander Prokhorov, Nikolay Basov (physics) |
| 1965 - Mikhail Sholokhov (literature) |
| 1970 - Alexander Solzhenitsyn (literature) |
| 1975 - Leonid Kantorovich (economics) |
| 1975 - Andrey Sakharov (peace) |
| 1978 - Petr Kapitsa (physics) |
| 1987 - Iosif Brodsky (literature) |
| 1990 - Mikhail Gorbacev (peace) |
| 2000 - Zhores Alferov (physics) |
| 2003 - Vitaly Ginzburg, Alexei Abrikosov (physics) |